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在实际订舱过程中，客户经常会指定用 SOC、COC 或 OWC 箱。作为一线业务销售，搞清楚这三种箱型的区别，有助于提高沟通效率，减少差错和不必要的成本。 -- COC 箱：船公司自有箱，是最常见的箱型。客户正常订舱默认就是用 COC。箱子由船公司负责提供、调配和维护。 -- SOC 箱：发货人自有箱。客户或其指定的第三方（如租箱公司）提供箱子。船公司只运输，不负责箱子的调配、维修和归还。 -- OWC 箱：第三方提供的箱子，但不属于船公司或发货人。例如是货代找的堆场租箱，这种通常按 SOC 操作，实质上客户要自己负责箱源和还箱环节。 ▶ 实操中要注意的几点： 1. 确认箱子是谁提供的 客户说 “我们用自己的箱子” 时，销售一定要追问：是客户自有，还是租来的？空箱在哪里？谁负责还箱？是否确认过船公司接受？ 2. 订舱时一定要备注 “SOC” 或 “自备箱” 使用 SOC 箱订舱时，务必提前在订舱平台或向客服备注箱型类型。提交提单资料（SI）时，也要写明是 SOC 箱，否则船公司可能会默认按 COC 处理，影响放舱。 3. 提醒客户注意费用和义务 使用 SOC 箱一般能节省箱租、箱使费等费用，但其他如码头费、港杂费、堆存费等还是照收。目的港有的需要提前报箱、提供箱检报告，务必提醒客户提前确认。 4. 风险预警： ✔ 箱体质量问题：SOC 箱如果存在箱体破损、锈蚀，可能影响装船或目的港清关。建议客户自行检查或提供箱检报告。 ✔ 还箱纠纷：如没有事先明确还箱点和责任人，容易产生额外费用甚至滞箱纠纷。 ✔ 入境要求：部分港口对 SOC 箱入境有额外要求（如菲律宾、印尼等），需要发货人事先核查清楚。 一句话总结：客户指定用箱时，货代必须确认 “箱是谁的、在哪儿、船公司是否接受”，否则后续易出问题。 （来源：国际物流圈）

Splitting and merging bills of lading refers to the operation of dividing a bill of lading into multiple parts or merging them into one according to the specific situation in international trade. Consolidated bills of lading and split bills of lading are also two forms of bills of lading in international freight. The consolidated bill of lading consolidates the transportation of multiple shippers' goods, simplifying the process, reducing costs, and unified management, but there is a risk of cargo confusion and unclear responsibilities. The sub-bill of lading splits a shipper's goods into multiple bills of lading, which is flexible, clear and easy to manage, but the operation is complex and the cost is high. The choice should be based on the characteristics of the cargo and the transportation needs. The split and consolidation of bills of lading are two ways of operation to deal with bills of lading in international trade transportation, as follows: 1. Separate bill of lading (Separate bill of Lading) 1. Definition: also known as separate bill of lading and separate bill of lading, refers to the carrier or freight forwarder at the request of the shipper, the same batch of goods with the same mark, type and grade on the same bill of loading, and sign multiple bills of lading to different consignees. Or splitting refers to the operation of splitting a bill of lading into multiple bills of lading. This situation is common in logistics goods with a wide variety of goods. The specific requirements for order splitting vary by region. For example, in Shenzhen, China, different customs have different requirements for order splitting: Shekou Customs: More than 20 product name items must be split for billing Yantian Customs: More than 80 product names need to be split Huanggang Wenjindu Customs: No special requirements 2, purpose and use scenario: when a batch of goods has a number of different final consignees, usually issued a bill of lading, each bill of lading corresponds to a consignee, convenient for the port of destination agent to divide the goods, customs clearance. When the goods need to be split or transferred in transit, in order to facilitate the transportation and management of the goods, the order splitting operation will also be carried out. 3. Splitting orders may lead to additional costs and time delays. The cost includes the cost of changing the order, the document fee of the shipping company, etc., and the time delay is due to the additional workload required by the order splitting process, which may affect the normal customs clearance and delivery of the goods. 4. There are also some potential deficiencies and limitations in the bill of lading, such as: Complex operation: The bill of lading needs to split the goods of a shipper into multiple bills of lading, which increases the complexity of the operation and the number of documents, which may lead to a decrease in transportation efficiency. Higher cost: Since the split bill of lading requires splitting the goods and making multiple bills of lading, it may increase the cost of transportation. 2. Combined Bill of Lading (Combined Bill of Lading) 1. Definition: Also known as a consolidated bill of lading, it is a bill of lading that combines two or more batches of the same or different goods from the same port of loading and the same port of discharge and the same consignee loaded by the same ship at the request of the shipper. It can also be said that consolidation refers to the operation of merging multiple bills of lading into one bill of lading. Consolidation is often used to streamline the customs process, reduce operational complexity, and potentially reduce associated costs. The specific operations and requirements for consolidation also vary from region to region and specific situation, and usually require detailed communication and confirmation with the relevant logistics company or customs. 2. Purpose and use scenario: The shipper or consignee often requires the carrier to integrate the goods that should have been issued separately and issue only one bill of lading for the sake of saving freight. For example, when the volume of goods is not enough to issue a separate bill of lading, but it needs to be transported by sea, multiple shipments can be combined through consolidation to meet the minimum freight standard. 3. There are also some potential risks and limitations in the consolidated bill of lading, such as: Risk of cargo confusion: Since the consolidated bill of lading involves the goods of multiple shippers, it is easy to have cargo confusion during loading and unloading and transportation. Unclear liability: In a consolidated bill of lading, the shippers of all goods are listed as common consignors, which can lead to unclear responsibilities and make it difficult to clarify the responsibilities of all parties in the event of a dispute.

The scale of China's import and export of goods trade has reached a record high, and it has remained the largest country in global trade in goods for eight consecutive years, of which the manufacturing industry accounts for 98.9% of China's total export value. According to customs statistics, in 2024, China's export scale will exceed 25 trillion yuan for the first time, reaching 25.45 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 7.1%, maintaining growth for 8 consecutive years, showing strong competitiveness. China is the world's largest manufacturing country and the largest exporter of manufacturing industry. In 2024, the manufacturing industry will account for 98.9% of China's total export value, and the equipment manufacturing industry, consumer goods manufacturing industry, and raw material manufacturing industry will export 14.69 trillion yuan, 5.43 trillion yuan, and 3.12 trillion yuan respectively. Among them, integrated circuits, flat panel display modules, ships and offshore engineering equipment and other products increased by 18.7%, 18.1% and 60.1% respectively.

In the freight forwarding industry, Prepaid and Collect are two widely used freight payment methods. These two methods not only affect the operation of shipping companies and freight forwarding companies, but also directly affect the risks and costs of consignees and consignors. Prepaid Definition: Freight is paid by the shipper before the goods are shipped or at the time of shipment. Impact on shipping companies Risk: The capital risk is low, and the shipping company receives the freight before the start of transportation, so there is no need to worry about the problem that the freight cannot be recovered. At the same time, prepaid freight can help reduce the financial pressure on shipping companies and ensure the normal operation of ships. Fees: Due to the reduced capital risk, the shipping company may provide a more competitive freight quote. In addition, settling freight rates in advance can also improve the efficiency of capital utilization of shipping companies. Impact on freight forwarding companies Risk: Freight forwarding companies have low capital risk and fast capital turnover. Prepaid freight reduces the operational risk of non-recovery of freight. Fees: Prepaid shipping simplifies the freight management process and reduces the complexity of financial processing. At the same time, it reduces the pressure on freight forwarding companies to advance funds and helps to reduce operating costs. Impact on the shipper Risk: The shipper needs to pay the freight before the goods are shipped, resulting in capital tie-up. In the event of damage or loss of goods, it may be more difficult to recover compensation. Cost: Shippers need to prepare freight funds in advance, which adds complexity to fund management. On the other hand, shippers may enjoy lower freight rates due to reduced risk for shipping companies and freight forwarders. Impact on the consignee Risk: The consignee does not need to bear the risk of freight, and the financial pressure is small. However, it is necessary to ensure that the quality and quantity of the goods are consistent with the contract to reduce disputes caused by quality problems. Cost: The consignee does not need to pay the freight, and the overall purchase cost is low. This helps the consignee to negotiate prices with the shipper in other ways and increases bargaining power. Collect Definition: The freight is paid by the consignee after the goods arrive at the destination. Impact on shipping companies Risk: The capital risk is high, and the shipping company needs to bear the risk that the freight cannot be recovered in time. If the consignee refuses to pay the freight, it may affect the operating capital of the shipping company. Fees: In order to cover the potential capital risk, the shipping company may increase the freight quote. At the same time, shipping companies need to strengthen financial management to ensure that freight is collected in a timely manner, which increases the complexity of financial processing. Impact on freight forwarding companies Risk: Freight forwarding companies need to bear the risk of consignee refusing to pay freight, affecting capital turnover. In addition, it may face more customer disputes, increasing administrative costs. Fees: Freight forwarders may need to pay part of the freight in advance, which increases financial pressure. At the same time, more time and effort is required to manage and collect freight charges, adding to the complexity of management. Impact on shippers Risk: Shippers do not need to pay freight in advance, and there is less financial pressure. However, if the consignee refuses to pay the freight, it may affect the delivery of the goods and the recovery of the payment. Cost: The shipper does not need to prepare the freight in advance, and the use of funds is more flexible. However, it may be necessary to negotiate with the consignee on the payment of freight, which adds to the complexity of the business. Impact on the consignee Risk: The consignee needs to pay the freight after the arrival of the goods, which increases the financial pressure. If the freight is refused, the goods may be seized by the shipping company or freight forwarding company, affecting the delivery of the goods. Expenses: The consignee needs to prepare the funds for freight, which increases the overall procurement cost. But when it comes to paying freight, the consignee has more initiative and can negotiate better terms. Conclusion The prepayment method reduces the risk of shipping companies and freight forwarding companies, and the freight may be lower, but the shipper's capital occupation is larger. The collect method makes the consignee bear more financial pressure and risk, and the shipping company and freight forwarding company face higher capital and business risks, and the freight may be higher. Therefore, when choosing a shipping payment method, all parties need to consider their own situation, weigh the pros and cons, and make an informed decision.

Despite the current downward trend in freight rates in the container shipping market, its profitability potential still attracts new players. According to the latest news from One Shipping, a new shipping company called "STF Shipping" recently announced its entry into this field and launched five Sino-Russian Far East routes at one time. It is reported that STF Shipping was incorporated in Hong Kong in December 2023, although it has been established for less than a year, the owner behind it is Yu Pengsen, a Chinese citizen. The company describes itself as a young and dynamic company focused on providing port-to-port services to China, South Korea, Japan, Southeast Asia and the Far East. Although STF Shipping is registered in Hong Kong, it is headquartered in Shanghai and has branches in Ningbo, Seoul, Vladivostok and Nakhodka. The STF in the company's name stands for Safety, Timeliness and Flexibility, reflecting its core values. Currently, STF Shipping operates a fleet of six feeder container vessels with a capacity of between 1100-2200TEU. These vessels include the Xin Hua Yuan (1288TEU), the Xin Long Yun 89 (1744TEU), the Xin Long Yun 88 (1118TEU), the Mao Gang Quan Zhou (2206TEU), the Mao Gang Guang Zhou (2206TEU) and the Xin Long Yun 16. Xin Long Yun 16”（1118TEU）。 The launch of five China-Russia Far East routes marks the official debut of STF Shipping in the container shipping market and demonstrates its determination and strength to actively explore new markets.

According to the latest news from China Railway Kunming Bureau Group Co., Ltd., the international freight train traffic volume of the China-Laos Railway has historically exceeded 10 million tons, marking a solid step forward in promoting regional trade and economic development in this "steel link" connecting China and Laos. Since its official opening on December 3, 2021, the China-Laos Railway, a cross-border railway with a total length of more than 1,000 kilometers, has rapidly emerged as a core logistics channel connecting China and Southeast Asia with its unique geographical location and efficient transportation capacity, and is known as the "Golden Line". With the passage of time, the cross-border cargo transportation network of the China-Laos Railway has been continuously expanded, and now covers more than 10 countries such as Laos, Thailand, Vietnam and Myanmar, becoming an important force in promoting regional trade integration. The types of goods transported have also rapidly expanded from more than 10 basic commodities such as rubber, fertilizer, and department stores to high-tech and high value-added products such as electronics, photovoltaics, communications, and automobiles, totaling more than 2,900 kinds, fully demonstrating its strong cargo carrying capacity and market adaptability. In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the international freight trains of the China-Laos Railway, the railway authorities of China and Laos have worked closely together to continuously increase the maintenance and technical handover of cross-border freight trains. By strengthening the inspection of key components such as vehicle braking systems and the use of advanced vehicle ground ventilation equipment, the single-day train maintenance capacity has been increased to 1,000, and the cumulative safety maintenance of more than 330,000 cross-border cargo trains has been completed, providing a solid safety guarantee for cargo transportation. With the continuous growth of freight traffic, key comprehensive development projects along the China-Laos Railway have also been implemented and put into operation. These projects include key facilities such as the customs supervision operation site of the Kunming Railway in China and the South Loading Yard in Vientiane, Laos, which have further enhanced the cargo transportation capacity and efficiency of the China-Laos Railway and injected new vitality into the prosperity and development of the regional economy. The milestone of the China-Laos railway freight volume exceeding 10 million tons is not only an affirmation of the hard work of the railway authorities of China and Laos, but also a good indication of the future cooperation prospects between the two countries and Southeast Asia. With the further development of regional trade and the continuous optimization of the operation of the China-Laos Railway, this "golden line" will surely play a more important role in promoting regional economic integration and promoting the common prosperity of countries along the route.

As of the end of August, Shanghai's foreign trade showed a steady upward trend, with a total import and export volume of 2.81 trillion yuan, a slight increase of 0.6% over the same period last year, which is particularly impressive in the context of general pressure on global trade growth. In the first eight months, the export volume reached 1.17 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 2.9%, while the import value was 1.64 trillion yuan, although it fell slightly by 1.1%, but the overall structure continued to be optimized. In the first eight months, the total amount of processing trade was 375.97 billion yuan, down 2.2 percent year-on-year, 0.7 percentage points narrower than that in the first half of the year. In contrast, general trade continued to be the main force of foreign trade, accounting for half of the country, reaching 1.68 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.5%, accounting for 59.8%. From the perspective of market players, the diversity of Shanghai's foreign trade has been reflected. Private enterprises and state-owned enterprises showed strong growth momentum, accounting for 32.4% and 10.4% of total foreign trade respectively, and achieved positive growth. Although foreign-funded enterprises accounted for 57.1%, the total import and export volume decreased by 2.8% compared with the same period last year. In terms of trading partners, despite the slowdown in the demand of traditional markets such as Europe and the United States, Shanghai's foreign trade has not stopped. Although the import and export of major economies such as the European Union, the United States and Japan have declined to varying degrees, at the same time, the economic and trade cooperation between Shanghai and ASEAN and countries along the "Belt and Road" has become increasingly close, and the import and export of these two regions in the first eight months have achieved an increase of 4.4% and 4.3% respectively, becoming a new bright spot in the growth of foreign trade. It is worth mentioning that mechanical and electrical products continue to play a key role in Shanghai's exports, with total exports reaching 803.54 billion yuan in the first eight months, a year-on-year increase of 2.3%, accounting for nearly seventy percent of total exports. Of particular interest is the export of ships, which has become a star product in the export field with an astonishing growth rate of 104.8%. In terms of imports, electronic information products such as storage components, central processing components and flat panel display modules achieved double-digit growth, while automobile imports faced adjustments, with imports falling by 21.9% year-on-year. To sum up, Shanghai's foreign trade has shown strong resilience and flexibility in the complex and volatile international environment, and has effectively coped with external challenges by optimizing the trade structure, expanding emerging markets and strengthening the export of key products, laying a solid foundation for the steady growth of foreign trade throughout the year.

According to the well-known shipping information "Trade Wind", Danish shipping and logistics giant AP Moller-Maersk revealed an important prediction in its latest European market report: this year's annual peak season for container transportation is expected to come earlier. This forecast is based on a number of observations that show that in Europe, the traditional peak season will start earlier than usual due to a combination of potential factors. Maersk provides an in-depth analysis of the drivers behind them, noting that companies have taken strategic action to move goods to European shores ahead of possible future supply chain disruptions. This precautionary increase, together with a strong increase in demand, kicked off the peak season ahead of schedule. In the face of the continuous impact of geopolitics on international trade in recent years, shipping companies have generally strengthened their attention to on-time delivery of goods. Maersk noted that widespread disruptions on major trade lanes have not only impacted ocean freight rates, but have also taken a toll on capacity, prompting companies to race to lock in space to ensure stable inventory levels in their target markets. However, as the summer holidays in Europe deepen, Maersk is facing the challenge of labor shortages at several hubs and terminals in Europe. Although the Maasvlakte II terminal in Rotterdam is currently operating normally, weather disruptions near the Cape of Good Hope have caused delays for some westbound vessels heading to Europe. Maersk is tackling this situation at full risk to ensure route reliability and mitigate the knock-on effects that delays can have on overall service. In addition, the Hutchinson Port Delta II in the Port of Rotterdam is also facing labor shortages, and the ship's gravity guidance time has been extended to about 24 hours. However, Maersk expects the terminal's operations to gradually return to normal levels from week 35 onwards. Overall, Maersk is responding to various challenges to ensure stable and efficient container transportation services in the European market. While predicting the early arrival of the peak season, it also demonstrates the company's ability to be flexible and adapt quickly in a complex market environment.

In the first half of 2024, the economic and trade cooperation between Shanghai and the ASEAN region showed strong vitality, and the bilateral trade volume continued to rise, reaching a new high of 230 billion yuan, achieving a steady growth of 3.64% over the same period last year. Among them, Shanghai's total exports to ASEAN exceeded 100 billion yuan, surging by 14.5% year-on-year, demonstrating Shanghai's strong strength as an international trade hub. Recently, the Shanghai Council for the Promotion of International Trade and XTransfer, a comprehensive foreign trade service platform, jointly released the "Analysis Report on the ASEAN Market of Shanghai's Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises Exported to ASEAN in the First Half of 2024". The report provides an in-depth analysis of free trade and opportunities, revealing the significant positive effects of the FTA upgrade for enterprises. According to the report, during the first half of the year, the Shanghai Council for the Promotion of International Trade issued a total of 2,929 preferential certificates of origin for goods exported to ASEAN countries, a significant increase of 37% in the number, and the total amount of visas also reached 220 million US dollars, a year-on-year increase of 13.77%, which marks the successful entry of more Shanghai products into the ASEAN market with preferential treatment. In terms of the distribution of specific countries, Thailand topped the list with a visa amount of 106 million US dollars, accounting for nearly half of Shanghai's export visa value to ASEAN (48.40%). It is followed by Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia and the Philippines, which together account for nearly half (48.80%) of the total visa value, demonstrating Shanghai's close trade ties with these ASEAN core economies. It is worth noting that the proportion of export visas in emerging markets such as Myanmar, Cambodia, Brunei, Laos and other ASEAN emerging markets is also on the rise, indicating that the number of foreign export visas issued by the Municipal Council for the Promotion of International Trade involving the ASEAN region reached 167, a year-on-year increase of 25.6%, covering the value of goods of more than 43 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 13.49%, which further promoted the flow of goods and economic and trade cooperation between Shanghai and ASEAN. In particular, the report specifically pointed out that in the first half of 2024, the "total amount of a single order" of Shanghai's small, medium and micro foreign trade enterprises in the ASEAN market increased by an average of 15%, which not only reflects the increase in demand for products from Shanghai's small, medium and micro enterprises by ASEAN buyers, but also reflects the improvement of the competitiveness of these enterprises in the international market. At the same time, the 3% increase in the "order advance payment ratio" is a strong proof of the credibility and strength of Shanghai's small, medium and micro foreign trade enterprises, and enhances the confidence in cooperation with ASEAN buyers.

According to customs statistics, in the first half of the year, the total import and export value of China's trade in goods was 21.17 trillion yuan, an increase of 6.1% year-on-year (the same below). Among them, exports were 12.13 trillion yuan, an increase of 6.9%; imports were 9.04 trillion yuan, an increase of 5.2 percent; The trade surplus was 3.09 trillion yuan, an increase of 12%. In dollar terms, in the first half of the year, the total value of China's imports and exports was 2.98 trillion US dollars, an increase of 2.9%. Among them, exports were 1.71 trillion US dollars, an increase of 3.6%; imports were 1.27 trillion US dollars, an increase of 2%; The trade surplus was 435 billion US dollars, an increase of 8.6 percent. The main characteristics of China's import and export in the first half of the year: 1. The scale of trade hit a new high, and the quarterly trend continued to improve In the first half of the year, China's import and export regulations were 21 trillion yuan; The growth rate of imports and exports accelerated quarter by quarter, with an increase of 7.4% in the second quarter, 2.5 and 5.7 percentage points higher than that in the first quarter and the fourth quarter of last year, respectively, and the positive momentum of foreign trade was further consolidated. 　　In the first half of the year, China's general trade import and export was 13.76 trillion yuan, an increase of 5.2 percent, accounting for 65 percent of China's total foreign trade value. Among them, exports were 8.01 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.5%; imports were 5.75 trillion yuan, an increase of 1%. In the same period, the import and export of processing trade was 3.66 trillion yuan, an increase of 2.1 percent, accounting for 17.3 percent. Among them, exports were 2.32 trillion yuan, down 1.3%; imports were 1.34 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.5 percent. In addition, China's import and export in the form of bonded logistics was 2.96 trillion yuan, an increase of 16.6%. Among them, exports were 1.12 trillion yuan, an increase of 13.2%; imports were 1.84 trillion yuan, an increase of 18.9 percent. 　　3. Growth in imports and exports to ASEAN, the United States, and South Korea In the first half of the year, ASEAN was China's largest trading partner, and the total trade value between China and ASEAN was 3.36 trillion yuan, an increase of 10.5 percent, accounting for 15.9 percent of China's total foreign trade value. its exports to ASEAN were 203 million, up 14.2%; imports from ASEAN were 1.33 trillion yuan, an increase of 5.2%; The trade surplus with ASEAN was 699.49 billion yuan, an increase of 36.5 percent. The EU is China's second largest trading partner, and the total value of China's trade with the EU was 2.72 trillion yuan, down 0.7 percent, accounting for 12.8 percent. Among them, exports to the EU were 1.78 trillion yuan, an increase of 0.5%; imports from the EU were 938.87 billion yuan, down 2.9%; The trade surplus with the EU was 837.67 billion yuan, an increase of 4.6 percent. The United States is China's third largest trading partner, and the total value of China's trade with the United States was 2.29 trillion yuan, an increase of 2.9 percent, accounting for 10.8 percent. Among them, exports to the United States were 1.71 trillion yuan, an increase of 4.7%; imports from the United States were 577.97 billion yuan, down 2%; The trade surplus with the United States was 1.14 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.4 percent. South Korea is China's fourth largest trading partner, and the total value of trade between China and South Korea was 1.13 trillion yuan, an increase of 7.6 percent, accounting for 5.3 percent. Among them, exports to South Korea were 516.95 billion yuan, down 0.6%; imports from South Korea were 609.02 billion yuan, an increase of 15.7%; The trade deficit with South Korea was 92.07 billion yuan, an increase of 14.3 times. During the same period, China's total imports and exports to the "Belt and Road" countries were 10.03 trillion yuan, an increase of 7.2%. Among them, exports were 5.62 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.4%; mouth 4.41 trillion yuan, up 5.8%. 　In the first half of the year, the import and export of private enterprises was 11.64 trillion yuan, an increase of 11.2 percent, accounting for 55 percent of China's total foreign trade value, an increase of 2.5 percentage points over the same period last year. Among them, exports were 7.87 trillion yuan, an increase of 10.7%, accounting for 64.9% of China's total export value; imports were 3.77 trillion yuan, an increase of 12.3 percent, accounting for 41.8 percent of China's total import value. In the same period, the import and export of foreign-invested enterprises reached 6.17 trillion yuan, an increase of 0.2 percent, accounting for 29.1 percent of China's total foreign trade value. Among them, exports were 3.31 trillion yuan, down 0.1%; imports were 2.86 trillion yuan, an increase of 0.5 percent. The import and export of state-owned enterprises was 3.31 trillion yuan, an increase of 1.2 percent, accounting for 15.6 percent of China's total foreign trade value. Among them, exports were 931.28 billion yuan, an increase of 1.9%; imports were 2.37 trillion yuan, an increase of 1%. 　　In the first half of the year, China's exports of mechanical and electrical products were 7.14 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.2 percent, accounting for 58.9 percent of China's total export value. Among them, automatic data processing equipment and its parts and components were 6837.7 yuan, 10.3% long; integrated circuits were 542.74 billion yuan, an increase of 25.6%, 3917.6 yuan, an increase of 22.2%, and 3882.8 yuan, a decrease of 1.7%. In the same period, the export of labor products was 2.07 trillion yuan, an increase of 6.6%, accounting for 17.1%. Among them, clothing and clothing accessories were 524.43 billion yuan, an increase of 3%; textiles 492.67 billion yuan, an increase of 6.5%; plastic products were 377.64 billion yuan, an increase of 11.7%. The export of agricultural products was 344.43 billion yuan, an increase of 5.2 percent. In addition, 53.4 million tons of steel were exported, an increase of 24%; refined oil was 30.094 million tons, a decrease of 3.8%; fertilizer was 12.606 million tons, a decrease of 0.8%. 　　6. Imports of major commodities such as iron ore, coal, and natural gas increased In the first half of the year, China imported 611 million tons of iron ore, an increase of 6.2%, and the average import price (the same below) was 841.8 yuan per ton, an increase of 7%; crude oil was 275 million tons, down 2.3%, 4316.3 yuan per ton, up 7.9%; 250 million tons of coal, an increase of 12.5%, 716.3 yuan per ton, a decrease of 17%; natural gas was 64.652 million tons, an increase of 14.3%, and 3488.5 yuan per ton, down 10.5%; soybean 48.481 million tons, down 2.2%, 3691.4 yuan per ton, down 15.8%; refined oil was 25.076 million tons, an increase of 9.9%, 4330.6 yuan per ton, an increase of 7.9%, and 14.202 million yuan of primary materials, an increase of 0.1%, 1.08 yuan per ton, down 1%; unwrought copper and copper products were 2.763 million, an increase of 6.8%, and 65,900 yuan per ton, an increase of 8.6%. In the same period, the import of mechanical and electrical products was 3.25 trillion yuan, an increase of 10.1%. Among them, there were 258.89 billion integrated circuits, an increase of 14.1%, and a value of 1.27 trillion yuan, an increase of 14.4%; 332,000 automobiles, down 4.1%, with a value of 132.35 billion yuan, down 11.8%.